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Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu says his country will defend itself "against any attack" after it launched what have been called its largest strikes against sites in Syria in decades.
"This is both our right and our duty and we will continue to do so as much as necessary," he said on Saturday.
Israel launched raids against Iranian targets after saying it intercepted an Iranian drone.
Iran's presence in Syria has caused alarm in Israel.
Mr Netanyahu warned that Israel's policy to defend itself against "any attempt to harm our sovereignty" was "absolutely clear".
"Iran brazenly violated Israel's sovereignty," he said, adding: "They dispatched an Iranian drone from Syrian territory into Israel… Israel holds Iran and its Syrian hosts responsible."
Mr Netanyahu said Israel would oppose any attempt by Iran to entrench itself militarily in Syria.
But he also said during a meeting with military chiefs that "Israel seeks peace".
In other international reaction:
- The US State Department said it supported Israel's right to defend itself, blaming Iran for the confrontation
- In a phone call with Mr Netanyahu, Russian President Vladimir Putin stressed the need to avoid a "dangerous escalation". He has been supporting the Syrian government
- UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has called for an immediate de-escalation in the actions that he said threaten a "dangerous spill-over" across Syria's borders
What caused the escalation?
Israel's military says one of its combat helicopters downed an Iranian drone infiltrating Israel on Saturday. It tweeted footage of the incident.
In response, Israel said it attacked Syrian and Iranian targets in Syria, during which an F-16 jet was fired upon, Israel says, causing it to crash.
The two pilots were able to parachute to safety before it came down in an empty field near the town of Harduf in northern Israel. It is unclear how exactly the plane was brought down.
Israel says it then carried out a second wave of strikes on both Syrian and Iranian military targets.
The Israeli military said it had inflicted huge damage on targets in Syria in the "most significant attack" of its kind against the country since the 1982 Lebanon war.
Syria's state media say air defences opened fire in response to an Israeli attack on a military base, hitting more than one plane.
Iran has since issued a statement denying Israel's allegations about the drone.
What is the Iranian presence in Syria?
Iran is Israel's arch-enemy, and Iranian troops have been fighting rebel groups in Syria since 2011.
Tehran has sent military advisers, volunteer militias and, reportedly, hundreds of fighters from its Quds Force, the overseas arm of the Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC).
It is also believed to have supplied thousands of tonnes of weaponry and munitions to help President Bashar al-Assad's forces and the pro-Iranian Hezbollah, which is fighting on Syria's side.
Tehran has faced accusations that it is seeking to establish not just an arc of influence but a logistical land supply line from Iran through to Hezbollah in Lebanon.
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BBC
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